Aerosol Compositions In Southeastern Lagos, Nigeria

  • L.A. Jimoda Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria
  • J.A. Sonibare Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
  • F.A. Akeredolu Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria
Keywords: Aerosol, natural source, anthropogenic source, optimal control

Abstract

The continuous generation of aerosol from natural and anthropogenic sources in Southeastern Lagos, Nigeria necessitated characterization of the fine and coarse modes aerosol of the area. Aerosol concentration was measured using gravimetry method with a high volume sampler fitted with a two-fitter holder and adopting a sampling period of 6 hours. Aerosol samplings were carried out in both the wet and dry seasons. The exposed filters were digested, filtered, diluted and subjected to Buck model 205 atomic absorption spectrophotometer analysis for elemental metal compositions determination while the Technicon Auto-analyzer II was used to determine the ionic compositions. The estimated 24-hour concentrations of Particulate Matter less than 10 µm (PM10) ranged between 319.78 and 750.87 µg/m3 while that of particulate matter less than 2.5 µm (PM2.5) ranged between 94.97 and 282.18 µg/m3 throughout the wet and dry seasons. All the measured concentrations were above the 24-hour mean World Health Organization (WHO) and World Bank standards of 50 µg/m3 and 80 µg/m3, respectively. The measured Particulate Matter concentrations and its constituents in dry season were found to be higher compared with wet season. The obtained results will assist policy makers and environmental regulators in developing optimal control strategies of aerosol in the area.

Author Biographies

L.A. Jimoda, Department of Chemical Engineering, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

Department of Chemical Engineering,

Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, Ogbomoso, Nigeria

J.A. Sonibare, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Department of Chemical Engineering,

Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

F.A. Akeredolu, Department of Chemical Engineering, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

Department of Chemical Engineering,

Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria

References

Asubiojo, O.I., Obioh, I. B., Oluyemi, E. A., Oluwole, A. F., Spyrou, N. M., Farooqi, A. S., Arshed, W., Akanle, O. A. “Elemental Characterization of Airborne Particulates at Two Nigerian Location during the Harmattan Season” Journal of Radioanal Nuclear Chemistry 167(2): 283 – 293, 1993.
Bernstein, D.M., Rahn, K.A. “New York summer aerosol study: trace elements concentrations as a function of particle size” in: Kneip, T.J., Lippmann, M. (ed)., Ann, N.Y. Acad Science, 322: 87-97, 1979.
Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Lowentual, D.H., Solomon, P.A., Magliano, K.L., Ziman, S.D., Richards, L.W. “Source Apportionment in Califonia’s San Joaquin Valley”. Atmospheric Environment. 26: 3335 – 3354, 1992.
Chow, J.C., Watson, J.G., Lu, Z., Lowenthal, G.H., Franzier, C.A., Solomon, P.A., Thuillier, R.H., Magliano, K. “Description Analysis of PM10 at Regional Representative Location during SJVAQS/AUSPEX”. Atmospheric Environment. 30: 2079 – 2112, 1996.
EPA. “Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matters”. Technical Report. Washington, U.S Environmental Protection Agency (EPA/600/P – 95/001aF, 1996).
Hennigan, C.J., Sullivan, A., Fountoukis, C.I., Nenes, A., Hecobian, A., Vargas, O., Peltier, R.E., Caseltants, A.T., Huey, L.G., Lefer, B.L., Russell, A.G., Weber, R.J., “On the Volatility and Production Mechanisms Of Newly- Formed Nitrate and Water-Soluble Organic Aerosol In Mexico City”. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics. 8: 3761-3768, 2008.
Hildermann, L.M., Markowski, G.R., Jones, M.C., Cass, G.R. “Submicrometer Aerosol Mass Distributions of Emissions from Boilers, Fireplaces, Automobiles, Diesel Trucks and Meat-Cooking Operations”. Aerosol Science Technology. 14: 138-152, 1991.
Ho, K.F., Lee, S.C., Chan, C.K., Yu, J.C., Yao, X.H. “Characterization of Chemical Species in PM2.5 and PM10 aerosols in Hongkong”. Atmospheric Environment. 37: 31 – 39, 2003.
Hopke, P.K., Xie, Y., Raunema, T., Biegalski, S., Landsberger, S., Maenhaut, W., Artaxo, P., Cohen, D. “Characterization of the Gent Stacked Filter Unit PM10 Sampler”. Aerosol Science and Technology. 27: 726 – 735, 1997.
ISO. “Air Quality – Particles Size Fraction Definitions for Health Related Sampling”. ISO, 7708, 1995.
Jimenez, J., Wu, C., Claiborn, C., Gould, T., Simpson, C.D., Larson, T., Liu, S. “ Agricultural Burning Smoke in Eastern Washington – Part I: Atmospheric Characterization”. Atmospheric Environment. 40: 639 – 650.
Klee, A.J. “Source Control-municipal Solid Wastes Incinerators, In: Handbook of Air Pollution Technology”. Ed. By S. Calvert, H.M., England, Wiley: New York, 513 – 550, 1984.
Lee, S.C., Ho, Chan, C.K., Yu, J.C., Chow, J.C., Yao, X.H. “Characterization of Chemical Species in PM2.5 and PM10 Aerosols in Hongkong”. Atmospheric Environment. 37: 31 – 39, 2003.
Marmur, A., Mulholland, J.A., Russel, A.G. “Optimized Variable Source-profile Approach for Source Apportionment”. Atmospheric Environment. 41: 493 – 505, 2007.
Mazeera, D.M., Lowenthal, D.H., Chow, J.C., Watson, J.C., Grubisic, V. “PM10Measurement at McMurdo Station, Antarctica”. Atmospheric Environment. 35: 1891–1902, 2001.
Oluwafemi, C.O. “Personal Communication with Prof C.O. Oluwafemi, Department of Physics, Lagos State University, 2007.
Oluwole, A.F., Akeredolu, F.A., Asubiojo, O.I., Obioh, I.B. “Determination of the Environmental impact of Pollutants in the areas of operation of WAPCCO, Phase one – Dust Analysis”. Technical report submitted to WAPCCO, by Consultancy Service Centre of Obafemi Awolowo, Ile-Ife, 1988.
Oluyemi, E.A. “Elemental Characterization and Source Apportionment of Air Particulates in Lagos Metropolis”. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Chemistry, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, 1996.
Oluyemi, E.A., Asubiojo, O.I., Oluwole, A.F., and Toussaint, J.N. “Elemental Characterization and Source Apportionment of Air Particulates Matter at a Nigerian Site: A Preliminary Study”. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry. 179(2): 187 – 194, 1994.
Owoade, O.K. “Assesment of concentration of Airborne Heavy Metals in the Workplace and Operational Efficiency of a Scrap Iron and Steel Smelter in Lagos, Nigeria”. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Physics, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria, 2006.
Pope III, C.A., Dockery, D.W., and Schwartz, J. “Review of Epidemiological Evidence of Health Effects of Particulate Air Pollution”. Inhalation Toxicology. 7: 1–18, 1995.
Sonibare, J.A. “A Report on Review and Recommendation of Ambient Air Quality Guidelines for Nigeria”. Submitted to National Standards Regulation Agency of Nigeria (Unpublished), 2009.
Xie, Y.L., Hopke, P.K., Paatero, P., Barrie, L.A., and Lu, S.M. “Identification of Source Nature and Seasonal Variations of Arctic Aerosol by Positive Matrix Factorization”. Journal of the Atmospheric Science. 56: 249 – 260, 1999.
Yang, H., Yang, C., Wong, C., Hsieh, C., Mi, H., and Chi, T. “Emission and dry Deposition Characteristics of Metal Elements from Engineering Construction Sites”. Aerosol and Air Quality Research. (1)1: 69–81, 2001
Published
2011-11-01
How to Cite
Jimoda, L., Sonibare, J., & Akeredolu, F. (2011). Aerosol Compositions In Southeastern Lagos, Nigeria. Ife Journal of Technology, 20(2), 63-70. Retrieved from http://ijt.oauife.edu.ng/index.php/ijt/article/view/94