Electrochemical Techniques For Decolouring Aqueous Solutions
Keywords:
Electrochemical treatment, wastewaters, colour removal, electrolyte, , carbon-resin electrodes, efficacyAbstract
Usefulness of carbon-resin (CR) as an electrode for colour removal from solutions was investigated in this paper. Carbon-resin electrodes were developed from used and discarded (R20 UM-1) dry cells using a non heat treatment method. Coloured solutions were prepared from standard indicators (methyl blue, methyl orange and solochrome black T). Each of these solutions was subjected to electrochemical treatment in a batch system using aluminium/ CR electrodes. Efficacy of the system based on colour removal was monitored. Kinetics of colour removed from solutions were obtained and evaluated statistically using total error, coefficient of determination (CD) and model of selection criterion (MSC). Effects of separation distance between the electrodes, contact surface area of the electrodes and the presence of an electrolyte on the kinetics were studied and applicability of the system was tested on selected industrial (paint and textile) wastewaters.
The study revealed that the electrochemical treatment process reduced initial colour of the solutions by 38 %, 36% and 40 % for methyl orange (MO), methyl blue (MB) and solochrome black T (SB) respectively. The presence of an electrolyte (10g/L of NaCl) in the process increased the percentage of the colour removed from the solutions to 84.1; 82.2 and 80.1 for MO, MB and SB, respectively. It was observed that an increase in the contact surface area increased the amount of colour removed while an increase in separation distance between the electrodes decreased the amount of colour removed from the solutions. Statistical evaluation revealed that total error, CD and MSC were in the range of 2.805 to 117.217, 0.130 to 0.983 and -1.834 to 5.964 respectively.
It was concluded that the best kinetic model that predicted removal of colour from textile and paint wastewaters electrochemically should be intraparticle diffusion based on higher CD and MSC values and lower total error.
References
APHA, Standard Method for the Examination of Water and Wastewater, 20th edn, America Water Works Association and Water Pollution Control Federation, Washington DC. (1998).
Babatola, J.O; Oguntuase, A.M; Oke, I. A and Ogedengbe, M.O. (An Evaluation of Frictional Factors in Pipe Network Analysis Using Statistical Methods. Environmental Engineering and Sciences, 25 (4) (2008)., 539-548
Chen, G. Electrochemical technologies in wastewater treatment Separation. Purification Technologies 38(1), (2004) 11-41
Chen, X; Shen, Z; Zhu, X; Fan, Y and Wang, W. Advance Treatment of textile wastewater for reuse using electrochemical oxidation and membrane filtration. Water SA 31 (1), (2005) 127- 132
Chung, S.J; Balaji, S; Matheswaran, M; Ramesh, T and Moon, I.S Preliminary studies using hybrid mediated electrochemical oxidation for the removal of persistent organ pollutants. Water Science and Technology, 55(1-2), (2007). 261-266.
Erhan, D; Kobya, M; Elif, S., and Ozkan, T., Adsorption kinetics for the removal of chromium III from aqueous solutions on the activated carbonaceous prepared from agricultural wastes. Water SA, 30(4), (2004). 533-540.
Kupferle, M.J; Galal, A and Bishop, P.L Electrolytic treatment of azo dyes containing O, O- dihydroxyazo complexation sites. Journal of Environmental Engineering Science, 3, (2004). 223- 229
Lee, D.K; Kim, S.C and Yoon, J.H . Reuse of a dyehouse effluent after being treated with the combined catalytic wet peroxide oxidation process and the aerated constructed wetland. Water Sciences and Technology, 55(1-2), (2004). 407- 415.
Lei, Y; Shen, Z; Chen, X; Jia, J and Wang, W Preparation and application of nano- TiO2 catalystin dye electrochemical treatment. Water SA 32 (2), (2006). 205-209.
Metcalf and Eddy Inc. Wastewater Engineering Treatment Disposal and Reuse, 3rd edn, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. (1991).
Noyes, R. Unit Operations in Environmental Engineering, 1st edn, Noyes Publication, New Jersey. (1994).
Oke, I. A Orthogonal Experiments in the Development of Carbon –Resin For Chloride Ions Removal. Statistical Methodology. 6, (2009) 109–119.
Oke, I. A Umoru, L.E and Ogedengbe, M.O. Properties and Stability of A Carbon-Resin Electrode. Journal of Materials and Design. 28(7), (2007a) 2251-2254.
Oke, I. A; Umoru, L.E; Oladepo, K.T and Ogedengbe, M.O Utilization Of Weibull Techniques To Describe Stability Distribution Of Carbon Resin Electrodes . Ife Journal of Technology, 17 (1), (2007c). 35-46
Oke, I. A. Reliability and Statistical Assessment of Methods For Pipe Network Analysis. Journal of Environmental Engineering and Sciences. 24 (10), (2007c). 1481-1489
Oke, I. A. ; D.B. Adie; M. A. Asani and J.A Otun :) Chapter 11: Environmental Pollution Control Through Proper Solid Waste Management Solid Waste Management and Environmental Remediation . ISBN: 978-1-60741-761-3. Editor: Timo Faerber and Johann Herzog. © 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York. (2009b)
Oke, I. A. ; Olarinoye, N.O. and Adewusi, S.R.A. Adsorption Kinetics for Arsenic Removal by Untreated Powdered Eggshell from Aqueous Solutions. Journal of Adsorption Society, 14,( 1) , (2008) 85-92.
Oke, I. A. M. A. Asani;J.A Otun and S. Lukman: Chapter 10: Effects of Aluminium and Calcium Oxide on Carbon Resin Electrodes Developed for Use in Electrochemical Treatment of Wastewaters Solid Waste Management and Environmental Remediation . ISBN: 978-1-60741-761-3. Editor: Timo Faerber and Johann Herzog. © 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York. (2009c)
Oke, I. A; L.E. Umoru and M.O. Ogedengbe 2k Factorial Experiments on Factors That Influence Stability of Carbon Resin Electrodes. FUTAJEET. 5(2), (2007b) 135-141.
Oke, I.A; L. E Umoru,; O. E. Olorunniwo;F. I Alo, and M. A. Asani: Chapter 16: Properties and Structures of Iron Doped Carbon Resin Electrodes for Wastewaters Treatment. Solid Waste Management and Environmental Remediation . ISBN: 978-1-60741-761-3. Editor: Timo Faerber and Johann Herzog. © 2009 Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York. (2009a)
Oke, IA Development and Performance-Testing of electrochemical treatment for selected Industrial Wastewater. Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department Civil Engineering Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. (2007)
Otutu, J.O; Okoro, D and Ossai, E.K Preparation of Dis-Azo dyes derived from P-Aminophenol and their fastness properties for synthetic polymer-fibers. Journal of Applied Sciences.8 (2), (2008) 334-339.
Sanroman, M.A; Pazos, M; Ricart, M.T. and Cameselle, C. Electrochemical decolourisation of structurally different dyes. Chemosphere 57(3), (2004b) 233-239
Sanromán, M.A;Pazos, M and Cameselle, C.. Optimisation of electrochemical decolourisation process of an azo dye, Methyl Orange. Journal of Chemical Technology & Biotechnology, 79(12), (2004a) 1349-1353.
Sheng, H.L and Chi, F.P..Treatment of textile wastewater by electrochemical method. Water Research, 28, (2), (1994)277-282
Sheng, H.L and Chi, F.P..Continuous treatment of textile wastewater by combined coagulation, electrochemical oxidation and activated sludge. Water Research, 30 (3), (1996) 587-592
Vlyssides, A.G; Loizidou, M; Karlis, P.K; Zorpas, AA and Papaioannou, D. Electrochemical oxidation of a textile dye wastewater using a Pt/Ti electrode. J Hazard Mater. 70(2) (1999),: 41-52.
Windholz, M.,. The Merck index : an encyclopedia of chemicals, drugs, and biologicals. 10th ed. Rahway ( N.J.) : Merck. (1983)
Xiong Y, Strunk P.J, Xia H, Zhu X and Karlsson, H.T .Treatment of dye wastewater containing acid orange II using a cell with three-phase three-dimensional electrode. Water Res. 35(17) (2001):4226-4230.
Yoo, B.Y; Hemandez, S.C; Koo, B; Rheem, Y and Myung, N.V Electrochemically Fabricated zero- valent iron, iron-nickel and iron-palladium nano wires for environmental remediation application. Water Science and Technology, 55(1-2), (2007). 149 -156.
Zhan, X.M; Wang, J.L; Wen, X.H and Qian, Y. Indirect Electrochemical Treatment of Saline Dyestuff Wastewater. Environmental Technology, 22,(9), (2001) 1105-1111 .
