Some Nutritional And Engineering Properties Of Kariya (Hildegardia Barteri) Seeds
Keywords:
Hildegardia barteri, nuts, kernels, nutritional and engineering propertiesAbstract
Kariya is an ornamental tropical tree which produces an underutilized edible seed. Some nutritional and engineering properties of kariya seeds were investigated. The results show that kariya seeds contain 17.5, 13.8, 2.8, 37.5 and 6.5% of crude protein, moisture, ash, fat and crude fibre, respectively. The crude fat was largely made up of myristic, palmitic, stearic and linolenic acids. The length, width, thickness, equivalent diameter and mass were 14.1, 10.2, 9.6, 11.1 mm and 0.5 g for the nut and 10.2, 7.20, 7.2, 8.1 mm and 0.4 g for the kernel, respectively. The volume, surface area, sphericity and aspect ratio were respectively 719.81 mm3, 387.13 mm2, 79.26, 73.78% for the nut and 324.28 mm3, 203.60 mm2, 80.45, 71.33% for the kernel. The true and bulk density, and porosity were 787.2, 375.4 kg/m3 and 47.7% for the nuts and 1058, 508 kg/m3 and 52% for the kernels, respectively; while the angle of repose and coefficient of friction on wood, aluminum and galvanized steel surfaces were 38.22o, 0.32, 0.34 and 0.35 for the nut and 33.37o, 0.23, 0.30, 0.31 for the kernel. The rupture force of the nut in the longitudinal axis (91.65 N) was less than in the transverse direction (104.87 N) and the corresponding values of stiffness and maximum deformation at nutshell rupture were 29.71 and 13.53 N/mm; and 3.39 and 4.18 mm, respectively. Knowledge of these properties will be useful for designing various systems for processing of kariya seeds.
References
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Ogunsina, B.S. Value addition to Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) seeds using various adaptable technologies. A report of United Nations University Research fellowship undertaken at Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India. Pp 50, 2009.
Ogunsina, B.S., Adegbenjo A.O. and Opeyemi, O. Compositional, mass-volume-area related and mechanical properties of sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) seeds. International Journal of Food Properties, 13(4): 864-876, 2009.
Oloso A.O. and Clarke, B. Some aspects of strength properties of cashew nuts. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 55: 27-43, 1993.
Omobuwajo, T., Akande, F.A. and Sanni, L.A. Selected physical, mechanical and aerodynamic properties of african breadfruit (Treculia africana) seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 40: 241-244, 1999.
O¨zarslan, C. Physical properties of cotton seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 83(2): 169–174, 2002.
Ozdemir, F. and Akinci, I. Physical and nutritional properties of four major commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties. Journal of Food Engineering, 63: 341–347, 2004.
Pattee, H.E., Wynne, J.C., Young, J.H and Cox, F.R. The seed hull weight ratio as an index of peanut maturity. Peanut Science, 4: 47-50, 1977.
Pattee, H.E., Wynne, J.C., Sanders, T.H and Schubert, A.M. Relation of the seed/hull ratio to yield and dollar vaue in peanut production. Peanut Science, 7: 74-77, 1980.
Pattee, H.E., Giesbrecht, F.G., Dicken, J.W and Whitaker, T.B. Variation in the seed hull maturity index in commercial peanut fields. Peanut Science, 8: 97-96, 1981.
Pliestic, S., Dobricevic; N.D. and Filipovic, Z.G. Physical properties of filbert nut and kernel. Biosystems Engineering, 93(2): 173-178, 2006.
Ramakrishna, P. Melon seeds: evaluation of physical characteristics. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 23: 158–160, 1986.
Razavi, S.M.A., Emadzadeh, B., Rafe, A. and Mohammad, A.A. The physical properties of pistachio nut and its kernel as a function of moisture content and variety: Part I. Geometrical properties. Journal of Food Engineering, 81(3): 209–217, 2007.
Rossel, J.B., King, B. and Downes, M.J. Composition of oils. Journal of American Oil Chemist Society, 62(2): 221-229, 1985.
Sanni, L.A. and Adegbenjo, A.O. Properties of palm nuts and fiber that influence mechanical separation after palm oil extraction. In the Proceedings of Regional Workshop on Promotion of Appropriate Agro-Processing Technologies in West Africa, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. British Council and PHTRG .186-196, 2002.
Shepherd H. and Bhardwaj, R.K. Moisture dependent physical properties of pigeon pea. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 35: 227–234, 1986.
Suthar, S.H. and Das, S.K. Some physical properties of karingda (Citrullus lanatus thumb Mansf) seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65: 15-22, 1996.
Troeger, J.M., Williams, E.J and Butler, J.L. Factors affecting peanut peg attachment force. Peanut Science, 3: 37-40, 1976.
Vilche, C., Gely, M. and Santalla, E. Physical properties of quinoa seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 86(1): 59–65, 2003.
Viswanathan, R., Palanisamy, P.T., Gothandapani, L. and Sreenarayanan, V.V. Physical properties of neem nut. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 63: 19-26, 1995.
Yalcın, I. Physical properties of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 79: 57–62, 2007.
Yildiz, M.U., Ozcan, M.M., Calisir, S., Demir, F. and Er, F. Physico-chemical properties of wild chest nut (Castanea sativa) fruit grown in Turkey. World Applied Sciences Journal, 6(3): 365-372, 2009.
AOCS. Official Methods of the American Oil Chemists’ Society, Vol. I, 6th Ed., AOCS Press, Champaign, IL. 1997.
Andrighetti, L., Bassi, G. F., Capella, P., De Logu, A. M., Deolalikar, A. B., Haeusler, G., Franca F. M. C., Rivoira, G., Vannini, L. and Deserti, R. N. The World Cashew Economy. (2nd Edtion). Linchiostroblu, Italy. p 11 - 48, 79 – 80, 1994.
ASABE Standards S 410.1. Moisture Measurement-Peanuts American Society of Agricultural Engineers. 1998. http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&q=ASAE+standards+%2B+moisture+content+%2B+pea+nuts&aq=f&oq=&aqi=
Aviara, N.A., Gwandzang, M.I. and Haque, M.A. Physical properties of guna seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 73(2): 105-111, 1999.
Aviara, N.A., Haque, M.A. and Izge, I.A. Physical and frictional properties of sheanut. Agro-Science, 1: 19-34, 2000.
Aviara, N.A., Mamman, E. and Umar, B. Some physical properties of Balanites aegyptiaca nuts. Biosystems Engineering, 92(3): 325–334, 2005.
Aydin, C. Physical properties of hazel nut. Biosystems Engineering, 82(3): 297-303., 2002.
Aydin, C. Physical properties of almond nut and kernel. Journal of Food Engineering, 60: 315–320, 2003.
Aydin, C. Some engineering properties of peanut and kernel. Journal of Food Engineering, 79(3):810-816, 2007.
Baryeh, E.A. Physical properties of bambara groundnuts. Journal of Food Engineering. 47: 321–326, 2001.
Braga, G.C., Couto, S.M., Hara, T. and Almeida-Neto, J.T.P. Mechanical behaviour of macadamia nut under compression loading. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 72: 239–245, 1999.
Du, C.J. and Sun, D.W. Estimating the surface area and volume of ellipsoidal ham using computer vision. Journal of Food Engineering, 73: 260–268, 2006.
Dursun, E. and Dursun, I. Some physical properties of caper seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 92(2): 237–245, 2005.
Dutta S.K., Nema, V.K. and Bhardwaj, RK. Physical properties of gram. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 39: 259–268, 1988.
Enig, M.G. Know Your Fats: The Complete Primer for Understanding the Nutrition of Fats, Oils, and Cholesterol. Bethesda Press, US. Pp 45, 2000.
Fraser. B.M., Verma, S.S. and Muir, W.E. Some physical properties of faba beans. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 23: 53–57, 1978.
Gopalan, C., Rama Sari, B.V. and Balasubramanian, S.C. Nutritive value of Indian foods. National Institute of Nutrition, Indian Council of Medical Research, 52, 2007.
Gupta, R.K. and Das, S.K. Physical properties of sunflower seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 56(2): 89-98, 1997.
Hinsley, S.R. The Hildergadia Page. Hildergadia Galery. Malvaceae Home Info. 2009. http://www.malvaceae.info/Genera/Hildegardia/Hildegardia.php
Inglett, G. E., Cavins, J.F. and Spencer, G. F. Seed composition of Hildegardia barteri. Economic Botany, 27(1): 128-130, 1973.
Isiaka, M., El-Okene, A.M.I. & Oyedele, T.A. Determination of physical properties of melon seeds. In Proceedings of the 7th International Conference and 28th Annual General Meeting of the Nigerian Institution of Agricultural Engineers, Zaria, Nigeria. November 6-10, 2006, 28: 322-326, 2006.
Joshi, D.C., Das, S.K. and Mukherjee, R.K. Some physical properties of pumpkin seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 54: 219–229, 1993.
Karababa, E. and Cokuner, Y. Moisture dependent physical properties of dry sweet corn kernels. International Journal of Food Properties, 10(3): 549-560, 2007.
Kashaninejad, M., Mortazavi, A., Safekordi, A. and Tabil, L.G. Some physical properties of pistachio nut (Pistacia vera L.) and its kernel. Journal of Food Engineering, 72: 30-38, 2004.
Koocheki, S.M.A., Razavi, E., Milani, T.M., Moghadam, M., Abedini, S.A. and Izadkhah, S. Physical properties of watermelon seeds as a function of moisture content and variety. International Agrophysics, 21: 349-359, 2007.
Koyuncu, M.A., Ekinci, K. and Savran, E. Cracking characteristics of walnut. Biosystems Engineering, 87: 305-311, 2004.
Mamman, E., Bobboi, U. and Aviara N.A. Effect of moisture content and loading direction on the mechanical properties of Balanites aegyptica nuts. Agricultural Engineering International. The CIGR E-journal. Manuscript FP 04 015, Volume. VII. December, 2005 International Commission of Agricultural Engineering. USA. 2005.
McCabe, W.L., Smith J.C. and Harriott P. Unit Operations of Chemical Engineering, McGraw-Hill Press, New York, 1986.
Mohsenin, N.N. Physical properties of plant and Animal Materials. Gordon and Breach Science Publishers. New York. Pg 1-31, 1986.
Nautiyal, P.C. Groundnut –Post harvest operations. A post harvest compendium for
groundnut by National Research Centre for Groundnut (ICAR), India, (2002). www.fao.org/fileadmin/user_upload/inpho/docs/Post_Harvest_Compedium_Groundnut.pdf. Accessed on October 6, 2011.
Nimkar, P.M. and Chattopadhyaya, P.K. Some physical properties of green gram. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 80: 183-189, 2001.
Ogunjimi, L.A.O., Aviara N.A. and Aregbesola, O.A. Some engineering properties of locust bean seed. Journal of Food Engineering, 55: 95–99, 2002.
Ogunsina, B.S. Value addition to Drumstick (Moringa oleifera) seeds using various adaptable technologies. A report of United Nations University Research fellowship undertaken at Central Food Technological Research Institute, Mysore, India. Pp 50, 2009.
Ogunsina, B.S., Adegbenjo A.O. and Opeyemi, O. Compositional, mass-volume-area related and mechanical properties of sponge gourd (Luffa aegyptiaca) seeds. International Journal of Food Properties, 13(4): 864-876, 2009.
Oloso A.O. and Clarke, B. Some aspects of strength properties of cashew nuts. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 55: 27-43, 1993.
Omobuwajo, T., Akande, F.A. and Sanni, L.A. Selected physical, mechanical and aerodynamic properties of african breadfruit (Treculia africana) seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 40: 241-244, 1999.
O¨zarslan, C. Physical properties of cotton seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 83(2): 169–174, 2002.
Ozdemir, F. and Akinci, I. Physical and nutritional properties of four major commercial Turkish hazelnut varieties. Journal of Food Engineering, 63: 341–347, 2004.
Pattee, H.E., Wynne, J.C., Young, J.H and Cox, F.R. The seed hull weight ratio as an index of peanut maturity. Peanut Science, 4: 47-50, 1977.
Pattee, H.E., Wynne, J.C., Sanders, T.H and Schubert, A.M. Relation of the seed/hull ratio to yield and dollar vaue in peanut production. Peanut Science, 7: 74-77, 1980.
Pattee, H.E., Giesbrecht, F.G., Dicken, J.W and Whitaker, T.B. Variation in the seed hull maturity index in commercial peanut fields. Peanut Science, 8: 97-96, 1981.
Pliestic, S., Dobricevic; N.D. and Filipovic, Z.G. Physical properties of filbert nut and kernel. Biosystems Engineering, 93(2): 173-178, 2006.
Ramakrishna, P. Melon seeds: evaluation of physical characteristics. Journal of Food Science and Technology, 23: 158–160, 1986.
Razavi, S.M.A., Emadzadeh, B., Rafe, A. and Mohammad, A.A. The physical properties of pistachio nut and its kernel as a function of moisture content and variety: Part I. Geometrical properties. Journal of Food Engineering, 81(3): 209–217, 2007.
Rossel, J.B., King, B. and Downes, M.J. Composition of oils. Journal of American Oil Chemist Society, 62(2): 221-229, 1985.
Sanni, L.A. and Adegbenjo, A.O. Properties of palm nuts and fiber that influence mechanical separation after palm oil extraction. In the Proceedings of Regional Workshop on Promotion of Appropriate Agro-Processing Technologies in West Africa, Ile-Ife, Nigeria. British Council and PHTRG .186-196, 2002.
Shepherd H. and Bhardwaj, R.K. Moisture dependent physical properties of pigeon pea. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 35: 227–234, 1986.
Suthar, S.H. and Das, S.K. Some physical properties of karingda (Citrullus lanatus thumb Mansf) seeds. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 65: 15-22, 1996.
Troeger, J.M., Williams, E.J and Butler, J.L. Factors affecting peanut peg attachment force. Peanut Science, 3: 37-40, 1976.
Vilche, C., Gely, M. and Santalla, E. Physical properties of quinoa seeds. Biosystems Engineering, 86(1): 59–65, 2003.
Viswanathan, R., Palanisamy, P.T., Gothandapani, L. and Sreenarayanan, V.V. Physical properties of neem nut. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research, 63: 19-26, 1995.
Yalcın, I. Physical properties of cowpea (Vigna sinensis L.) seeds. Journal of Food Engineering, 79: 57–62, 2007.
Yildiz, M.U., Ozcan, M.M., Calisir, S., Demir, F. and Er, F. Physico-chemical properties of wild chest nut (Castanea sativa) fruit grown in Turkey. World Applied Sciences Journal, 6(3): 365-372, 2009.
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2011-05-01
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Ogunsina, B., Olaoye, I., Adegbenjo, A., & Babawale, B. (2011). Some Nutritional And Engineering Properties Of Kariya (Hildegardia Barteri) Seeds. Ife Journal of Technology, 20(1), 68–74. Retrieved from https://ijt.oauife.edu.ng/index.php/ijt/article/view/83
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