Suitability Assessment Of Some Nigerian Natural Moulding Sand Deposits For Foundry Use
Keywords:
Clay content, AFS sieve analysis, Mineralogical analysis, SandAbstract
This paper investigates the suitability of some Nigeria natural sand deposits as foundry moulding sand. Samples of sand were collected from river bed, sea, and desert deposits in Nigeria. Their clay contents were measured and the grain size and grain size distribution were determined by AFS sieve analysis tests. The mineralogical compositions of the samples were also determined by mineralogical analysis. The results obtained from the samples show that the clay contents are in the range of 0.70 – 5.70 wt. %, silica contents in the range of 88.65 – 98.5wt. %, total minerals contents in the range of 1.5 – 11.5wt. %, while AFS Finesse Number ranges from 46.22 – 100.75. The analyses of the results reveal that each deposit has properties that are suitable for particular types of castings. It was inferred that depending on the deposit, small- medium- and/or large- sized ferrous and non-ferrous castings can be produce.
References
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Ibitoye, S.A., “Effect of bulk density variation on the compression strength of clay- sodium silicate bonded moulding sand”. Journal of Science and Technology. 27(3): 141-148, 2007.
Ibitoye, S.A, and Afonja, A.A., “Adaptation of Ipetumodu potter’s clay to foundry use- development of potter’s clay-bonded synthetic moulding sand”. Ife Journal of Technology. 7(1): 3-9, 1997.
Ibitoye, S.A, Afonja, A.A. “Moulding properties of as-mined and silica enriched potter’s clay”. Journal of Construction and Materials Technology. 1(2): 39-43, 2001.
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Loto, C.A, and Adebayo, H., “Effect of variation in water content clay fraction and sodium carbonate additions on the synthectic moulding properties of Igbokoda clay and silica sand”. Applied Science. 5(2): 165-181, 1990.
Lui, J., Yameda, H., Kozaki, T., Sato, S., and Ohashi, H., “Effects of silica sand on activation energy for diffusion of sodium ions in morillonite and silica sand mixture”. Applied Clay Science. l(61): 85-93, 2003.
Mansaray, K.G, and Ghaly, A.E., “Agglomeration characteristics of silica sand-rice husk ash mixtures at elevated temperatures”. Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects. 20(7): 631-652, 1998.
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Olasupo, O.A, and Omotoyinbo, J.A., “Moulding properties of Nigerian silica-clay mixture for foundry use”. Applied Clay Science. 45(4): 244-247, 2009.
Rao, P.N., “Manufacturing Technology, 2nd ed”. Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 1998.
Sarat, C.P, and Brij K.D., “Testing, evaluation and measurement in metal casting”. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. PVT. Limited, New Delhi, 1987.
Sheidi, H.M, and Ajuwa, C.I., “Investigation of properties of river sand for sound castings, River Niger, Bacita , Nigeria”. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. 3(3): 214-216, 2008.
Wang, X.H., Fuh, J.Y.H., Wong, Y.S., and Tang, Y.X., “Laser sintering of silica sand-mechanism and application to sand casting mould”. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 21(12): 1015-1020, 2003.
Wiscers, P.F., “Steel casting handbook, 6th ed”. Steel Founders’ Society of America, United State of America, 1980.
Ademoh, N.A., and Abdullahi, A.T., “Assessment of foundry properties of steel castings moulds bonded with grade 4 Nigerian acacia species (gum arabic)”. International Journal of Physical Sciences. 4(4): 238-241, 2009.
Aggarwal B.C, Jain S.P., “A textbook of metallurgical analysis, 6th ed.” Khanna Publishing, New Delhi, 1999.
American Foundrymen’s Society, “Foundry sand handbook, 7th ed.” 1963.
ASTM C 136-06, “Method for sieve analysis of fine and coarse aggregates”. ASTM International – Standards Worldwide, 2006.
Beeley, P., “Foundry technology”. Butterworth-Heinemann Publishing Co., Oxford, 2001.
Chen, X.P, Hiroyuki, N., and Yasuhiro, M., “Discussion on molding sand compaction using cooper-eaton model”. Journal of Japan Foundry Engineering Society. 74(7): 436-441, 2002.
Hein, R.W, Loper, C.R, and Rosenthal, P.C., “Principle of metal castings”. McGraw – Hill Company, New York, 1976.
Ibitoye, S.A., “The effect of starch addition on the strength and the baked permeability of potter’s clay-bonded coresand”. Nigerian Society of Engineer Technical Transaction. 31(3): 13-25, 1996.
Ibitoye, S.A., “Effect of bulk density variation on the compression strength of clay- sodium silicate bonded moulding sand”. Journal of Science and Technology. 27(3): 141-148, 2007.
Ibitoye, S.A, and Afonja, A.A., “Adaptation of Ipetumodu potter’s clay to foundry use- development of potter’s clay-bonded synthetic moulding sand”. Ife Journal of Technology. 7(1): 3-9, 1997.
Ibitoye, S.A, Afonja, A.A. “Moulding properties of as-mined and silica enriched potter’s clay”. Journal of Construction and Materials Technology. 1(2): 39-43, 2001.
Jain, P.L., “Principles of foundry technology, 3rd ed”. Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 1995.
Khanna, O.P., “A text book of foundry technology”. Dhanpat Rai Publications Limited, New Delhi, 1996.
Loto, C.A, and Adebayo, H., “Effect of variation in water content clay fraction and sodium carbonate additions on the synthectic moulding properties of Igbokoda clay and silica sand”. Applied Science. 5(2): 165-181, 1990.
Lui, J., Yameda, H., Kozaki, T., Sato, S., and Ohashi, H., “Effects of silica sand on activation energy for diffusion of sodium ions in morillonite and silica sand mixture”. Applied Clay Science. l(61): 85-93, 2003.
Mansaray, K.G, and Ghaly, A.E., “Agglomeration characteristics of silica sand-rice husk ash mixtures at elevated temperatures”. Energy Sources Part A: Recovery, Utilization and Environmental Effects. 20(7): 631-652, 1998.
Mohammed-Noor, N.H.A., “Improvement of low-grade silica deposits in Jeddah area”. JKAU Engineering Science. 15(2): 113-128, 2004.
Olasupo, O.A, and Omotoyinbo, J.A., “Moulding properties of Nigerian silica-clay mixture for foundry use”. Applied Clay Science. 45(4): 244-247, 2009.
Rao, P.N., “Manufacturing Technology, 2nd ed”. Tata McGraw – Hill Publishing Company Limited, New Delhi, 1998.
Sarat, C.P, and Brij K.D., “Testing, evaluation and measurement in metal casting”. Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. PVT. Limited, New Delhi, 1987.
Sheidi, H.M, and Ajuwa, C.I., “Investigation of properties of river sand for sound castings, River Niger, Bacita , Nigeria”. Journal of Engineering and Applied Science. 3(3): 214-216, 2008.
Wang, X.H., Fuh, J.Y.H., Wong, Y.S., and Tang, Y.X., “Laser sintering of silica sand-mechanism and application to sand casting mould”. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 21(12): 1015-1020, 2003.
Wiscers, P.F., “Steel casting handbook, 6th ed”. Steel Founders’ Society of America, United State of America, 1980.
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Published
2011-11-01
How to Cite
Olawale, J., Ibitoye, S., & Shittu, M. (2011). Suitability Assessment Of Some Nigerian Natural Moulding Sand Deposits For Foundry Use. Ife Journal of Technology, 20(2), 46–50. Retrieved from https://ijt.oauife.edu.ng/index.php/ijt/article/view/91
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