Technical Potential of Biomass Energy in Nigeria
Keywords:
Technical Potential, Biomass, Renewable energy, Energy estimate
Abstract
The role of energy in the development of a nation cannot be underestimated. The current situation of energy in Nigeria reveals that an energy crisis is pending in the country. However, there is an abundance of renewable energy resources in Nigeria most of which have remained untapped. This paper gives an estimate of the technical potential of biomass energy in Nigeria, the technical potential being the part of the theoretical energy which can be harnessed for energy use. The biomass sources considered are agro-residues, livestock wastes, municipal solid wastes and forest residues. It was discovered that contribution of biomass energy in Nigeria is largely from agro-residues, municipal wastes and livestock wastes while forest residues contribute the least. The energy potential is also expected to continue to grow from about 3.2 EJ in 2010 to about 5.5 EJ in 2020 and may reach about 29.8 EJ in 2050.The estimate compares well with forecasted energy demand and will play a great role in future energy supply. Policy formulations have not favoured the development of biomass technologies for efficient utilization of biomass. There is a need to harness this huge energy potential by employing the various biomass technologies and formulating policies to the effect. There is also a need to enhance the development of the agricultural subsector of the economy where the biomass is generated.
References
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Abdulkarim, B.I. and Maikano, H., Refining of biogas produced from biomass (cow dung) by removing H2S and CO2, B.Eng. project, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2001.
Abolarin, S., Design and manufacture of an updraft gasifier, Master of Science Thesis, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 2011.
Adenipekun, C.O. and Fasidi, I.O., Degradation of selected agricultural wastes by Pleurotus tuber-regium (Fries.) Singer and Lentinus subnudus (Berk)-Nigeria edible mushrooms, Advances in food sciences 27(2):61-64, 2005.
Aruofor, R.O., Review and improvement of data related to wood-products in Nigeria, EC-FAO partnership programme, Food and Agricultural Organisation of the United Nations, Italy, 2000.
Bamgboye, A.I. and Oniya, O.O., Pyroltytic conversion of corncobs to medium grade fuel, FUTA Journal of environment and engineering technology, 12(2): 36-42, 2004.
Central Bank of Nigeria, CBN, Statistical Bulletin, Volume 17, December 2006.
Dayo, F.B., Nigeria Energy Balances: 1990-2005, Technical Paper, Triple “E” Systems Inc., September 2007.
Dayo, F.B., Clean energy investment in Nigeria: The domestic content, International Institute for Sustainable Development, Canada, 2008.
EarthTrends, Energy and resources – Nigeria, EarthTrends country profiles, http://earthtrends.wri.org, 2003.
Energy Commission of Nigeria, ECN, National energy policy, Nigeria, 2003.
Energy Information Administration, EIA, Nigeria Energy Data, Statistics and Analysis - Oil, gas, electricity and coal, Energy Information Administration, www.eia.doe.gov, 2010.
Enweremadu, C.C., Waheed, M.A., Adekunle, A.A. and Adeala, A., Energy potential of brewer’s spent grain for breweries in Nigeria, Journal of engineering and applied sciences, 3(2):175-177, 2008.
FAO, Wood gas as engine fuel, FAO forestry paper 72, Food and agricultural organisation of the United Nations, Italy, 1986.
FAO, Unified Bioenergy Terminology (UBET), Wood Energy Programme, Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations, December 2004.
Fischer, G. and Schrattenholzer, L., Global bioenergy potentials through 2050, Biomass and Bioenergy 20:151-159, 2001.
Hussaina, H., Refining of biogas produce from biomass (cow dung) by removing H2S and CO2, PGD project, Federal University of Technology, Minna, Nigeria, 2002.
Innovative Natural Resource Solutions LLC, INRS, A strategy for increasing the use of woody biomass for energy, National Association of State Foresters, Portland, 2008.
Ismail, S.O., Modelling the kinetics of plastic waste pyrolysis, Master of Science Thesis, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 2010.
Kauffmann, C., Energy and Poverty in Africa, Policy insights No. 8, OECD development centre, www.oecd.org/dev/insights, 2005.
Klass, D.L., Biomass for Renewable Energy, Fuels, and Chemicals, Academic Press, San Diego, CA, 1998.
Mbanasor, J.A. and Nwosu, A.C., Livestock sector in Nigerian economy: policy-direction, Journal of agriculture and food science 1(2):141-147, October 2003.
Milbrandt, A., Assesment of Biomass Resources in Liberia, Technical report, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, USA, April 2009.
Ogbonnaya, M., Extraction of Biodiesel from Jatropha Seeds, MSc Thesis, Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Lagos, Nigeria, 2010.
Ojiako, I.A. and Olayode, G.O., Analysis of trends of livestock production in Nigeria: 1970-2005, Journal of agriculture and social research 8(1), 2008.
Ojolo, S.J., Bamgboye, A.I., Aiyedun, P.O., and Ogunyemi, A.P., Pyrolysis of shredded plastic waste, Proceedings of the 7th Africa-American International Conference on Manufacturing Technology, Port-Harcourt, Nigeria, 1:412-418, July 11-14, 2004.
Ojolo, S. and Bamgboye, A., Thermochemical conversion of municipal solid waste to produce fuel and reduce waste. Agricultural Engineering International: The CIGR Ejournal, Manuscript EE 05 006, Vol. VII, 2005.
Ojolo, S.J. and Orisaleye J.I., Design and development of a laboratory scale biomass gasifier, Journal of energy and power engineering, 4(8):16-23, 2010.
Okonko, I.O., Ogunnusi, T.A., Fajobi, E.A., Adejoye, O.D. and Ogunjobi, A.A., Utilization of food wastes for sustainable development, EJEAFChe 8(4):120-144, 2009.
Olise, M. and Nria-Dappa, T., Overcoming Nigeria’s Energy Crises: Towards effective utilization of associated gases and renewable energy resources in the Niger Delta, Social Action Briefing, No. 2, December 2009.
Okoroigwe, E.C., Oparaku, N.F. and Oparaku, O.E., Harnessing Nigeria’s potential for sustainable economic development, National centre for energy research and development, University of Nigeria, 2008.
Osaghae, O.J., Potential biomass based electricity generation in a rural community in Nigeria, Master thesis, Sustainable energy systems, Department of applied physics and mechanical engineering, Lulea University of Technology, 2009.
RECIPES, Country energy information – Nigeria, Developing renewable, www.energyrecipes.org, 2006.
Sambo, A.S. (2008). Matching energy supply with demand in Nigeria, International Association for energy economics (Fourth quarter):32-36, 2008.
Sambo, A.S., Strategic developments in Renewable energy in Nigeria, International association for energy economics (Third quarter):15-19, 2009.
Schmidhuber, J., Impact of an increased biomass use on agricultural markets, prices and food security: A longer-term perspective, International symposium of Notre Europe, Paris, November 27-29, 2006.
Smeets, E., Faaij, A., Lewandoski, I., A quickscan of global bio-energy potentials to 2050 – an analysis of the regional availability of biomass resources for export in relation to underlying factors, Report prepared for NOVEM and Essent, Copernicus Institute – Utrecht University, NWS-E-2004-109, March 2004.
U.S. Census Department, Population Statistics for Nigeria, U.S. Bureau of the Census, International Database, 2010.
Yevich, R. and Logan, J.A., An assessment of biofuels use and burning of agricultural wastes in the developing world, Global Biogeochemical cycles, Massachusetts, USA, 2002
Published
2012-11-01
How to Cite
Ojolo, S., Orisaleye, J., Ismail, S., & Abolarin, S. (2012). Technical Potential of Biomass Energy in Nigeria. Ife Journal of Technology, 21(2), 60-65. Retrieved from http://ijt.oauife.edu.ng/index.php/ijt/article/view/110
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Articles - DO NOT USE
