Erosion Corrosion in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review
Keywords:
Erosion corrosion, corrosion monitoring, inhibitor, corrosion resistant alloys
Abstract
This paper reviews the various factors that affect erosion corrosion in the oil and gas industry. The mechanisms are highlighted and explained, with a view to understanding the underlying principle of the degradation phenomena. There are many monitoring techniques that are used in evaluating erosion corrosion but three are commonly employed in the laboratories. The benefits and limitations associated with these methods - rotated disc, rotated cylinder and jet impingement are reviewed. Erosion corrosion is regarded as a surface process that can be controlled via surface engineering for example, using coatings and inhibitors coupled with materials selection. Some of the critical parameters, such as inhibitor concentration as a function of flow parameters are discussed.
References
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Hu, X. and Neville, A. “The electrochemical response of stainless steels in liquid-solid impingement”, Wear. 258:641-648, 2000.
Hu, X., and Neville, A. “CO2 erosion-corrosion of pipeline steel (API X65) in oil and gas conditions – A systematic approach”, Wear, doi: 10:1016/j.wear.2009.07.023 accessed on 02/12/2010, 2009.
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Hu, X., and Neville, A., “Prediction of erosion-corrosion in oil and gas – A systematic approach”, CORROSION 2008, paper 08540, 2008.
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Malka, R., Nesic, S., and Gulino, D.A. “Erosion corrosion and synergistic effects in disturbed liquid-particle flow”, CORROSION 2006. NACE International, Houston, TX, paper 06594, 2006.
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Mohammed, T., “Factors increasing corrosion rates of oil field pipes and their inhibition”, Petroleum and Coal. 52(3):215-219, 2010.
Mori, G., Vogl, T., Harberl, J., Havlick, W., and Schoberl, J. “Erosion Corrosion and Synergistic Effects under high velocity multiphase conditions”, CORROSION/2010, NACE. paper 382, 2010.
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Schmitt, G. and Bakalli, M.A. “Critical Review of Measuring Techniques for Corrosion Rates under Flow Conditions”, NACE 2006, paper 593, 2006.
Schmitt, G., “Drag reduction by corrosion inhibitors – a neglected option for mitigation of flow induced localized corrosion”, Materials and Corrosion. 52:329 – 343, 2001.
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ASTM G170 – 01a, “Standard Guide for Evaluating and Quantifying Oilfield and Refinery Corrosion Inhibitors in the Laboratory”, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, 2001.
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Cardoso Filho, C., and Orazem, M.E., “Application of a submerged impinging jet to investigate the influence of temperature, dissolved CO2, and fluid velocity on corrosion of pipeline grade steel in brine”, CORROSION 2001, paper 01058, 2001.
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CO2 corrosion rate calculation model, NORSOK Standard no M-506, Norwegian Technology Standards Institution, http://www.nts.no/norsok, 6, 1998.
Crolet, J., and Boris, M.R., “Prediction of the Risks of CO2 corrosion in Oil and Gas Wells”, SPE Production Engineering, November 1991, Offshore Technology Conference. 16 (449), 1991.
Dave, K., Roberts, K.P., Shadley, J.R., Ramachandran, S., Rybick, E.F., and Jovancecic, V., “Effects of a corrosion inhibitor for oil and gas wells when sand is produced”, CORROSION/08, Aberdeen UK, paper 08750, 2008.
de Damborenea, J., Bastidas, J.M., and Vazquez, A.J., “Adsorption and inhibitive properties of four primary aliphatic amines on mild steel in 2M Hydrochloric acid”, Electrochemica Acta. 42(3): 455 – 459, 1997.
de Moraes, F.D., Shadley, J.R., Chen, J., and Rybicki, E.F., “Characterization of CO2 corrosion product scales related to environmental conditions”, CORROSION 2000, paper 00030, 2000.
de Waard, C., Lotz, U. and Milliams, D.E. “Predictive model for carbon dioxide corrosion engineering in wet natural gas pipelines”, Corrosion. 1991: 976 – 985, 1991.
Dugstad, A., “Formation of Protective Corrosion Films during CO2 corrosion of carbon steel”, Eurocorr ’97, 1997.
Durnie, W.H., Kinsella, B.J., De Marco, R., and Jefferson, A., “A study of the adsorption properties of commercial CO2 corrosion inhibitor formulations”, Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, 13(11):1221 – 1226, 2001.
Effird, K.D., “Jet impinging testing for flow accelerated corrosion, CORROSION 2000, NACE International, Houston, Texas, paper 00052, 2000.
Evans, T.N., Sun, Y., Babaian-Kibala, E., Bennett Jnr, H.R., Martins, J.W., and Alvarez, J., “Studies of inhibition and monitoring of metal loss in gas systems containing solids”, CORROSION/2004, Houston, Texas. paper362, 2004.
Fan, J., Masur, J., Melicharek, N., and Schmittdel, M., “Erosion, cavitation and fretting corrosion", www.mse.berkeley.edu/group/doyle/serdar/......./COURSE...../erosion.pdf accessed on 03/01/11.
French E.C., Martin R.L., and Dougherty J.A., “Review of corrosion inhibitors for gas wells”, Materials Performance.28(8): 46-49,1989.
Groysman, A., and Shvarts, I. “Study of efficiency of industrial corrosion inhibitors for cooling water systems at oil refining industry”, CORROSION NACExpo 2006, San Diego. paper 06097, 2006.
Gulbrandsen E., “How does fluid flow affect performance of CO2 corrosion inhibitors?”, SPE 95095, SPE International Symposium, Aberdeen, 2005.
Hedges, B, A, and Bodington, A.A., “Comparison of monitoring techniques for improved erosion control: A field study”, NACE International, Houston, TX, 2004.
Heitz E., “Chemo-mechanical effects of flow on corrosion”, Corrosion. 47:135-146, 1991.
Heitz E., “Mechanically based prevention strategies of flow – induced corrosion”, Electrochemita Acta. 41(4):474-488, 1996.
Hernandez-Rodriguez, M.A.L., Martinez-Delgado, D., Gonzalez, R., Perez Unzueta, A., Mercado-Solis, R.D., and Rodriguez, J., “Corrosive wear failure analysis in a natural gas pipeline”, Wear. 290:567-571, 2007.
Houghton, C.J., and Westermark, R.V., “North Sea Downhole Corrosion: Identifying the problem: Implementing the solution”, Journal of Petroleum Technology. 1983(1):239-246, 1983.
Hu, X. and Neville, A. “The electrochemical response of stainless steels in liquid-solid impingement”, Wear. 258:641-648, 2000.
Hu, X., and Neville, A. “CO2 erosion-corrosion of pipeline steel (API X65) in oil and gas conditions – A systematic approach”, Wear, doi: 10:1016/j.wear.2009.07.023 accessed on 02/12/2010, 2009.
Hu, X., and Neville, A., “Assessing the role of corrosion in erosion corrosion of high – grade alloys in aggressive marine environments”, CORROSION 2002, paper 02189, 2002.
Hu, X., and Neville, A., “Prediction of erosion-corrosion in oil and gas – A systematic approach”, CORROSION 2008, paper 08540, 2008.
Ikeda, A., Ueda, M., and Mukai, S. “Carbon dioxide behaviour of carbon and chromium steels”, Advances in carbon dioxide corrosion, NACE, Houston, Texas.1(2):39 – 51, 1984.
Kang, C., More, P.P., Magalhas, A.A.O., and Guisso, R.M. “Effect of flow on erosion corrosion at extreme gas flow rate and the performance of corrosion inhibitor” www.dnvcolumbus.com/files/dsp_recent_publications_6_1_9.pdf. Accessed on 18/11/2010, 2003.
Keating A, and Nesic, S., “Prediction of 2 – phase erosion-corrosion in bends, 2nd International Conference on CFD in minerals and process industries”, CSIRO, Melbourne, Australia, 6-8 December, 1999.
Malka, R., Nesic, S., and Gulino, D.A. “Erosion corrosion and synergistic effects in disturbed liquid-particle flow”, CORROSION 2006. NACE International, Houston, TX, paper 06594, 2006.
McLaury, B.S., Shiraz, S.A., Shadley, J.R. and Rybicki, E.F., “How operating and environmental conditions affect erosion”, CORROSION 99. 34, 1999.
Mohammed, T., “Factors increasing corrosion rates of oil field pipes and their inhibition”, Petroleum and Coal. 52(3):215-219, 2010.
Mori, G., Vogl, T., Harberl, J., Havlick, W., and Schoberl, J. “Erosion Corrosion and Synergistic Effects under high velocity multiphase conditions”, CORROSION/2010, NACE. paper 382, 2010.
Nesic, S., Neville, A., and Papavinasam, S., “Sand management for reliability of oil and gas pipelines”, www.corrosioncenter.ohio.edu/documents/sand20%-----pdf accessed on 21/12/2010, 2008.
Nesic, S., Wang, S., Cai, J., and Xiao, Y. “Integrated CO2 corrosion – multiphase”, SPE International, SPE 87555, 1st International Symposium on Oilfield Corrosion, Aberdeen, 2004.
Neville, A. and Dougal, B.A.B.I., “Electrochemical assessment of erosion corrosion of commercially pure titanium and a titanium alloy in slurry impingement”, Proceeding Institution Mechanical Engineers,; Journal of Materials: Design and Applications. 216(1):31-41, 2002.
Neville, A. and Wang, C., “Erosion corrosion of engineering steels – can it be managed by use of chemicals?”, Wear. 267: 2018-2026, 2009.
Neville, A., and Hu, X., “Mechanical and electrochemical interactions during liquid-solid impingement on high-alloy stainless steels”, Wear. 251:1284-1294, 2001.
Neville, A., and Wang, C., “Erosion-corrosion mitigation by corrosion inhibitors – An assessment of mechanisms”, Wear. 267:195-203, 2009.
Neville, A., Wang, C., Ramachandran, S., and Jovancecic, V., “Erosion corrosion mitigation using chemicals”, NACE 2003. 03319:1-12, 2003.
Novak, P., and Macenauer, A., “Erosion control of passive metals by solid particles”, Corrosion Science. 35(1-4):635-640, 1993.
Nyborg R., Andersson, P., and Nordsreen, M., “Implementation of CO2 corrosion models in a Three – Phase Fluid Flow Model”, CORROSION/2000, Houston, TX: NACE International, 48, 2000.
Papavinasam, S., and Revie, R.W., “Review of Testing Methods and Standards for oilfield corrosion inhibitors”, Proceedings of EUROCORR 2004, Nice, paper10, 2004.
Papavinasam, S., Revie, R.W., Demiz, A., and Michaelian, K. “Comparing and Ranking of Techniques for monitoring general and pitting corrosion rates inside pipelines”, CORROSION 2002, NACE International, Houston, Texas, paper 02495, 2002.
Ramachandra, S., Ward, M.B., Bartrip, K.A., and Jovancicevic, V., “Inhibition of the effects of particle impingement”, CORROSION 2002, NACE International, Houston TX, paper 02498, 2002.
Ramahandra, S., Ahn, Y.S., Bartrip, K.A., Jovancicecic, V., and Bassett, J., “Further Advances in the development of erosion corrosion inhibitors”, CORROSION 2005, paper 05292, 2005.
Reyes, M., and Neville, A., “Mechanisms of erosion corrosion on a cobalt base alloy and stainless steel UNS S17400 in aggressive slurries”, Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance (JMEPEG). 10(6):723-730, 2001.
Ripeanu, R.G., Ioanu Tudor, Dinu, F., and Grigore, V., “The effect of cathodic protection upon erosion corrosion wears”, ROTRIB ’07,. www.rotrib.pub.07/029.pdf;2007; Nov 8-10, World Trade Center, Bucharest, 7:1-3, 2007.
Ryborg, R.N., “Overview of CO2 Corrosion models for wells and pipelines”, CORROSION/02, paper 233, 2002.
Salama, M.M., “An alternative to API 14E erosional limits for sand laden fluids”, Journal of Energy Resources Technology. 122:71-77, 2000.
Schmitt, G. and Bakalli, M.A. “Critical Review of Measuring Techniques for Corrosion Rates under Flow Conditions”, NACE 2006, paper 593, 2006.
Schmitt, G., “Drag reduction by corrosion inhibitors – a neglected option for mitigation of flow induced localized corrosion”, Materials and Corrosion. 52:329 – 343, 2001.
Schmitt, G., and Bakalli, M., “Advanced models for erosion corrosion and its mitigation”, Materials and Corrosion. 2:181-182, 2008.
Schmitt, G., Simon, T., and Hausler, R.H. “CO2 erosion corrosion and its inhibition under extreme shear stress: I Development of Methodology”, CORROSION/90, NACE, Houston TX, paper 022, 1990.
Schmitt, G., Simon, T., and Hausler, R.H., “CO2 erosion corrosion and its inhibition under extreme shear stress: II Performance of Inhibitors”, CORROSION/93, NACE, Houston TX, paper 086, 1993.
Shadley, J.R., Shirazi, S.A., Dayalan, E., and Rybicki, E.F., “Velocity guidelines for preventing pitting of carbon steel piping when the flowing medium contains CO2 and sand”, CORROSION/96, paper 15, 1996.
Shalaby, H.M., Attari, S., Riad, W.T., and Gouda, V.K., “Erosion corrosion behaviour of some cast alloys in seawater”, Corrosion. 48:206-217,1992.
Shirazi, A., McLaury, S., and Ali, M.M., “Sand monitor evaluation in multiphase flow”, Corrosion 2000, paper no 00084, 2000.
Stack, M.M., “Mapping tribo-corrosion processes in dry and in aqueous conditions: som new directions for the new millennium, Tribology International. 35:679-687,2002.
Stack, M.M., and Paungwiwat, N., “Particulate erosion-corrosion of aluminium in aqueous conditions: some perspectives in pH effects on the erosion corrosion maps”, Tribology International. 35:651-660, 2002.
Stack, M.M., Corlett, N., and Zhou, S., “A methodology for the construction of the erosion-corrosion maps in aqueous environments”, Wear. 203-204:474-488, 1995.
Stack, M.M., Stott, F.H., and Wood, G.C. “The significance of velocity exponents in identifying erosion-corrosion mechanisms”, Journal de physique IV, dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1993972 access on 21/11/2010, 3, 2007.
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Published
2011-05-01
How to Cite
Ige, O., Umoru, L., Olorunniwo, O., & Adeoye, M. (2011). Erosion Corrosion in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Review. Ife Journal of Technology, 20(1), 58-67. Retrieved from https://ijt.oauife.edu.ng/index.php/ijt/article/view/82
Section
Articles - DO NOT USE
